This model integrates fruit trees, fast-growing forest species, and seasonal vegetables/spices to optimize vertical space and year-round income on smallholdings. Species were selected for site suitability and complementary canopy architecture, enabling light stratification, microclimate moderation, and reduced pest pressure. Layouts combined boundary and alley plantings with mulching and on-farm biomass recycling to enhance soil organic matter and water-use efficiency. Demonstrations indicated diversified cash flow, risk buffering, and improved ecological services relative to sole cropping.

